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The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Health and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained significant attention as a dietary intervention with potential benefits for metabolic health and cognitive function. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from recent clinical trials and observational studies to evaluate the impact of various IF protocols—such as alternate-day fasting, time-restricted feeding, and periodic fasting—on metabolic parameters including insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and body composition, as well as cognitive outcomes like memory, executive function, and neuroprotection. The review highlights consistent improvements in weight management, glycemic control, and markers of inflammation, alongside emerging evidence supporting IF role in enhancing brain function and reducing neurodegenerative risk. Variations in study designs, population characteristics, and fasting regimens present challenges for definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and long-term effects to better understand IF therapeutic potential in metabolic and cognitive health.

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